Why Acids Can Etch Glass and Metals

Acids etch by reacting with the surface, breaking down the material’s structure.
Hydrofluoric acid is one of the few that can dissolve silica, the main component of glass.
The reaction creates tiny pits in glass, leaving behind a frosted, etched appearance.
Metals corrode when acids strip away their protective oxide layers.
Strong acids release hydrogen ions that attack and dissolve metal atoms.
Different metals react differently—iron rusts, while aluminum resists unless the acid is strong.
Etching is used in art and industry to create designs or prepare surfaces.
Acid strength and concentration determine how fast and deep etching occurs.
Protective coatings or resist materials can control which areas of glass or metal are etched.
From decorative glassware to circuit boards, acid etching blends chemistry with craftsmanship.