Water Purification Chemistry: From Filters to Chlorine

Water purification removes harmful microbes, chemicals, and particles to make water safe.
Chlorine kills bacteria and viruses by breaking down their cell walls and proteins.
Ozone is another disinfectant that destroys pathogens without leaving strong tastes.
Activated carbon filters trap organic molecules, pesticides, and bad odors.
Reverse osmosis uses membranes to separate pure water from salts and contaminants.
UV light disrupts microbial DNA, stopping germs from reproducing.
Coagulation adds chemicals that clump tiny particles together for easier removal.
Fluoride and other minerals may be added back for dental and health benefits.
Water softening swaps calcium and magnesium ions for sodium to prevent scale buildup.
Chemistry ensures clean, safe drinking water flows from tap to table worldwide.