Transformers: The Physics Behind Power Grids

A transformer changes voltage levels in electricity without altering the total power.
It works using two coils of wire—primary and secondary—wrapped around an iron core.
When AC current flows through the primary coil, it creates a changing magnetic field.
This magnetic field induces a current in the secondary coil, transferring energy.
Step-up transformers increase voltage for long-distance transmission with less energy loss.
Step-down transformers lower voltage so it’s safe for homes and devices.
Transformers only work with alternating current (AC), not direct current (DC).
Their efficiency keeps power grids running smoothly and reliably worldwide.
Even tiny chargers use miniature transformers to protect your electronics.
From towering substations to phone adapters, transformers quietly shape modern life.