The Rise of Quantum Mechanics in the h Century

Quantum mechanics emerged in the early 20th century to explain phenomena classical physics couldn’t.
Max Planck introduced the idea of quantized energy in 1900 to solve the blackbody radiation problem.
Albert Einstein explained the photoelectric effect in 1905, showing light behaves as particles called photons.
Niels Bohr developed the quantum model of the atom in 1913, with electrons in discrete energy levels.
Werner Heisenberg formulated matrix mechanics in 1925, emphasizing observable quantities.
Erwin Schrödinger introduced wave mechanics in 1926, describing particles as wavefunctions.
The uncertainty principle, formulated by Heisenberg, revealed fundamental limits to measurement.
Quantum mechanics explained atomic spectra, chemical bonding, and the behavior of electrons.
Key experiments, like the double-slit and Stern-Gerlach, confirmed quantum predictions.
By the 1930s, quantum mechanics became a central framework for modern physics, underpinning technology from semiconductors to lasers.