The Hidden Chemistry in Cleaning Products

  1. Surfactants lower water’s surface tension, helping it spread and lift away grease and dirt.
  2. Bleach works by breaking down stains through oxidation, turning them into colorless compounds.
  3. Ammonia dissolves fats and oils, making it a powerful glass and surface cleaner.
  4. Enzymes in detergents break down proteins, starches, and fats—perfect for laundry and dishwashing.
  5. Acids like citric acid remove limescale and mineral deposits by dissolving them.
  6. Alkaline cleaners such as sodium hydroxide cut through tough grease and baked-on food.
  7. Disinfectants like quaternary ammonium compounds disrupt cell membranes to kill germs.
  8. Fragrances and dyes don’t clean but make products appealing and signal freshness.
  9. Chelating agents like EDTA trap hard-water minerals, preventing soap scum and boosting efficiency.
  10. Green cleaners often swap harsh chemicals for plant-based surfactants and biodegradable solvents.