The Chemistry of Air: Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Beyond

Air is a mixture of gases, not a single substance.
Nitrogen makes up about 78% of Earth’s atmosphere.
Oxygen accounts for around 21% and is vital for breathing and combustion.
Argon, a noble gas, makes up just under 1% but stays chemically quiet.
Carbon dioxide, though less than 0.05%, plays a huge role in climate and life.
Trace gases like neon, helium, and methane add to air’s complexity.
Water vapor in air drives weather, from clouds to storms.
Plants pull in carbon dioxide and release oxygen, balancing the atmosphere.
Air’s composition changes with altitude, humidity, and pollution.
The chemistry of air sustains life, fuels energy, and shapes Earth’s climate.