The Boiling Point: Why Water Bubbles at 100°C

  1. Boiling Defined: Boiling happens when liquid molecules gain enough energy to turn into gas.
  2. 100°C Mark: At sea level, water boils at 100°C (212°F), its standard boiling point.
  3. Bubble Birth: Bubbles form when vapor pressure inside them equals outside air pressure.
  4. Heat Energy: Added heat breaks hydrogen bonds, freeing water molecules to escape.
  5. Altitude Effect: Higher up, with lower air pressure, water boils at cooler temperatures.
  6. Pressure Cooker Trick: Extra pressure raises the boiling point, cooking food faster.
  7. Not Just Heat: Impurities like salt or sugar can change the boiling point slightly.
  8. Rolling Boil: Vigorous bubbles mean the whole liquid has reached boiling temperature.
  9. Cooling Role: Boiling removes heat through steam, a natural cooling process.
  10. Everyday Wonder: From kettles to pasta pots, boiling is science happening in your kitchen.