Polymerization: How Simple Molecules Build Plastics

Polymerization is the chemical process that links small molecules (monomers) into long chains.
These chains, called polymers, form the backbone of plastics.
Addition polymerization connects monomers without producing byproducts.
Condensation polymerization releases small molecules like water during chain formation.
Common monomers include ethylene (for polyethylene) and styrene (for polystyrene).
The properties of plastics depend on how the polymer chains are arranged.
Cross-linking strengthens polymers, making them tougher and more heat-resistant.
Natural polymers include DNA, proteins, and cellulose—life’s essential materials.
Synthetic polymers revolutionized industries from packaging to medicine.
Understanding polymerization helps in creating recyclable and sustainable plastics.