Nuclear Reactors: Applying Physics for Energy Production

Nuclear reactors generate energy by splitting heavy atomic nuclei like uranium-235.
This process, called fission, releases huge amounts of heat.
The heat boils water, producing steam that drives turbines and generators.
Control rods absorb neutrons to regulate the fission chain reaction.
Pressurized water reactors (PWRs) are the most common reactor type worldwide.
Fuel rods hold small pellets of enriched uranium arranged in bundles.
Reactors use moderators like water or graphite to slow neutrons for efficient fission.
Nuclear power produces no greenhouse gases during operation.
Spent fuel remains radioactive and requires secure long-term storage.
Future designs like fusion reactors and small modular reactors promise safer, cleaner energy.