Neutralization Reactions: When Acids and Bases Cancel Out

A neutralization reaction happens when an acid and a base combine to form water and a salt.
The process balances hydrogen ions (H⁺) from the acid with hydroxide ions (OH⁻) from the base.
The result is a solution that’s closer to neutral on the pH scale.
Classic example: hydrochloric acid plus sodium hydroxide yields table salt and water.
Antacids work by neutralizing excess stomach acid to relieve heartburn.
Neutralization is exothermic—releasing heat as the ions combine.
Farmers use lime (a base) to neutralize acidic soils and improve crop growth.
Wastewater treatment often uses neutralization to make water safe for release.
The salt produced depends on the specific acid and base that react.
Neutralization plays a vital role in chemistry, industry, medicine, and daily life.